References
(Section 2.11, p.37 & Chapter 6 & 7)
References acknowledge the work of previous scholars and provide a reliable way to locate it.
References should be cited in the text as well as at the end of the article.
**NOTE: Be aware that many software packages are available to assist with APA reference formatting. Ensure your program correctly formats and indents the references. It is not acceptable to submit an incorrectly formatted article and simply 'blame' the software for doing it wrong!
Citing Sources: (Chapter 6, p.169)
Cite the work of individuals whose ideas, theories or research have directly influenced your work.
Citation of an article implies that you have personally read the original work cited.
Do not use citations from a secondary source unless you obtain a copy of the cited work (example do not use article citations from another person's bibliography unless you obtain and read the article yourself).
Citing references in text: (Section 6.11 - 6.26 pp.174-183)
APA uses an author, date format to cite references in the body of the text.
Each reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list and each entry in the reference list must appear in the body of the text. Refer to the APA 6 Manual section 6 for other situations such as citing legal documents, Bible verses, secondary sources and classical works.
Format Examples (Table 6.1, p.177)
One Work by One Author: the author-date method of citation requires that the surname of the author and the year of publication be inserted into the text at the appropriate point. The name and year can be included as part of the text or referenced at the end of the sentence inside parenthesis and followed by a period.
Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples...
Early onset results in more persistant and severe symptoms (Kessler, 2003).
One Work by Multiple Authors: When a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. Use an ampersand (&) between the two names at the end of sentence citation, but spell out and for in-text citations.
Kessler and Joseph (2007) found that the symptoms...
Early onset caused severe symptoms (Kessler & Joseph, 2007).
When the work has 3, 4, or 5 authors cite all the authors the first time the reference appears, for subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized with a period after al) and the year if it is the first citation in a paragraph. Omit the year for subsequent citation of the same source in a single paragraph.
Kessler, Kisnagua, and Joseph (2007) found that they symptoms... For subsequent citations: Kessler et al. (2007) found that the symptoms caused early onset.
Early onset caused severe symptoms (Kessler, Kisnagua & Joseph, 2007).
When the work has 6 or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations.
Kosslyn, Koenig, Barrett, Cave, Tang and Gavrieli (1996) would be cited as Kosslyn et al. (1996) or (Kosslyn et al., 1996).
Table 6.1 on page 177 demonstrates basic citation styles for multiple authors
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