Periodicals (Journals and Newspapers)
Journal article with DOI:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxx/xxxxx
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxx/xxxx
Example: Blue, B. (2014). Effects of high lead levels in young children. Journal of Genetic Disease, 3(5), 24-29. doi:10.1.254/jgd.2014
Journal article with DOI, more than seven authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D., Author, E., Author, F., ... Author, Z. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxx/xxxxx
Journal article without DOI (no DOI available):
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx.com
Example: Blue, B. (2014). Effects of high lead levels in young children. Journal of Genetic Disease, 3(5), 24-29. Retrieved from http://www.GenDis.com/article
Magazine article:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of article. Title of Magazine, xx(x), pp-pp.
Newspaper article with Author:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pp.#.
Example: Wilks, M. (2006, September 15). Obesity affects economics. The Washington Post, pp. A1-A2.
Newspaper article with no Author:
Title of article. (Year, Month Day). Title of Newspaper, xx(x), pp. #.
Example: Obesity affects economics. (2006, September 15). The Washington Post, pp. A1, A5, A7-A9.
(if discontinuous pages, separate pages with comma, continuous pages separate with dash)
Abstract as original source:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. (Year). Title of abstract [Abstract]. Title of Journal, xx, pp-pp.
Example: Wilks, M. (2006). Obesity affects economics [Abstract]. Journal of American Obesity Abstracts, 15, 150-153.
Example: Wilks, M. (2006). Obesity affects economics [Abstract]. Journal of American Obesity, 15, 150-153. Abstract retrieved from http://www.interscience.wiley.com
Refer to the APA 6 manual for other types of periodical references!
Books, Reference Books and Book Chapters
(Section 7.02, p.202)
Entire Book:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx.com (for E-books only available online)
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. doi:xxx.xxx/xxxxx
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Example: Huether, S. E. & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
E-books only available online, (not an electronic version of a print book)
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work (XX ed.). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx.com
Example: Huether, S. E. & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.elsevier.com
Book not in print with no publisher information but a provided doi number. (Common for published minutes of a conference meeting).
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. doi:xxx.xxx/xxxxx
Example: Huether, S. E. & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). doi: 10.14435.345/elsv.patho
Edited book with no listed authors
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Example: Huether, S. E. (Ed.). (2012). Case studies in pathophysiology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapters in a Book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx.com
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). doi:xxx.xxx/xxxxx
Reference work with no By-Line:
Title of entry. (Year). In A. Author (Ed.), Title of reference work (xx ed., Vol. xx, pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Title of entry. (Year). In Title of reference work (xx ed., Vol. xx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxx.com
Corporate Authors, Government Reports
(Section 7.03, Example 31 p.205)
Many large organizations (Mayo Clinic, the American Diabetes Association, American Cancer Association, etc.) publish informational articles about disease conditions.
These articles may be edited or reviewed by staff members, but the organization assumes authorship.
These are Corporate Authors and the organization should be listed as the author.
DO NOT use "Mayo Staff" or "Review by Dr. Martin" as the author in a citation, use the organization name.
Example: Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2014). Diseases and conditions: Diabetes (Mayo Publication CON-20033091). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org /diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/definition/con-20033091
Government authors commonly seen include the NIH, CDC, and the National Medical Library.
These can either be considered corporate authors or government reports depending on the content of the material.
Provide as much information as possible for readers to be able to find the reference source.
Example: U.S. Department of Red and Blue, Centers for Disease Causation. (2014). The cause of lead in children (CDD Publication No. 22456.2343/a). Retrieved from: https://www.cdd.gov/ lead/causes.pdf
Refer to the APA 6 manual for other types of Book references!
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